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| YouTube, LLC | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Subsidiary of Google |
| Founded | February 15, 2005 |
| Headquarters | San Bruno, California, U.S. |
| Key people | Steve Chen, Founder & CTO Chad Hurley, Founder & CEO Jawed Karim, Founder & Advisor |
| Owner | Google Inc. |
| Slogan | Broadcast Yourself |
| Website | YouTube.com list of domain names |
| Type of site | video sharing |
| Advertising | Google, AdSense |
| Registration | Optional (required to upload) |
| Available in | 12 languages |
| Launched | 2005 |
| Current status | active |
|
Screenshot | |
YouTube headquarters in San Bruno
YouTube (pronounced /juːtuːb/ or /juːtjuːb/see American and British English pronunciation differences) is a video sharing website where users can upload, view and share video clips. YouTube was created in mid-February 2005 by three former PayPal employees."Surprise! There\'s a third YouTube co-founder", USATODAY, October 11, 2006. The San Bruno-based service uses Adobe Flash technology to display a wide variety of video content, including movie clips, TV clips and music videos, as well as amateur content such as videoblogging and short original videos. In October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1.65 billion in Google stock. The deal closed on November 13, 2006."Google closes $A2b YouTube deal", Reuters, November 14, 2006.
Unregistered users can watch most videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Some videos are available only to users of age 18 or older (e.g. videos containing potentially offensive content). The uploading of videos containing pornography, nudity, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material encouraging criminal conduct is prohibited. Related videos, determined by title and tags, appear onscreen to the right of a given video. In YouTube\'s second year, functions were added to enhance user ability to post video \'responses\' and subscribe to content feeds.
Few statistics are publicly available regarding the number of videos on YouTube. However, in July 2006, the company revealed that more than 100 million videos were being watched every day, and 2.5 billion videos were watched in June 2006. 50,000 videos were being added per day in May 2006, and this increased to 65,000 by July."YouTube serves up 100 million videos a day online", USA TODAY, Gannett Company, Inc, 2006-07-16. Retrieved on 2007-11-24.
In August 2006, The Wall Street Journal published an article revealing that YouTube was hosting about 6.1 million videos (requiring about 45 terabytes of storage space), and had about 500,000 user accounts.Gomes, Lee. "Will All of Us Get Our 15 Minutes On a YouTube Video?", The Wall Street Journal Online, Dow Jones & Company, 2006-08-30. Retrieved on 2007-11-24. As of March 8, 2008, a YouTube search returns about 75.9 million videos and 2.85 million user channels. [1] [2]
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YouTube\'s immense success has unintentionally affected the business of an American company, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corp., whose website, utube.com, was frequently overloaded and shut down by extremely high numbers of visitors unsure about the spelling of YouTube\'s domain name, but now utube.com is once again operational. Christian Zappone. "Help! YouTube is killing my business!: An Ohio company\'s sales get \'killed\' as YouTube surfers cripple utube.com, a pipe equipment seller\'s web site." CNNMoney.com, October 12, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006. At the beginning of November 2006, Universal Tube filed suit in federal court against YouTube,Rhys Blakely. "Utube sues YouTube" Times Online, November 02, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006. requesting that the youtube.com domain be transferred to them."Utube.com v. YouTube.com: Ohio pipe firm says confused web surfers are hurting its business" The Smoking Gun, November 2, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.
Political candidates for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election have been using YouTube as an outlet for advertising their candidacies. Voters can view candidate statements and make videos supporting (or opposing) presidential candidates (e.g., videos for Ron Paul, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden).Tamara Lytle. "Web spurs revolution in race for president", Orlando Sentinel, 2007-04-15. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Jose Antonio Vargas. "\'Ron Paul, who?\' no longer applies GOP hopeful big hit in YouTube videos", San Francisco Chronicle, 2007-06-17. Retrieved on 2007-06-23. Third Party presidential candidates have also made extensive use of YouTube. Libertarian Steve Kubby\'s campaign debuted a short animated film, featuring the faces and voices of campaign contributors who financed its production, on YouTube on September 29th, 2007.Kubby for President. "Steve Kubby for President 2008", YouTube, 2007-09-29. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. The U.S. media has often commented that YouTube played a significant role in the 2006 defeat of Republican Senator George Allen due to a video clip of him making allegedly racist remarks that was continuously replayed by YouTube viewers during the campaign.Andrew Kantor. "We would be well served to delete others\' missteps in Web\'s archive", USA Today, 2006-11-16. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Carrie Budoff. "Senators Fear Having A "Macaca" Moment: Smallest Slip-Ups Can Tank A Campaign, Thanks To YouTube", CBS News, 2007-02-02. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Andrew Sullivan. "Video power: the potent new political force", The Sunday Times, 2007-02-04. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. "Without a hostile videocam and the blogosphere, Allen would have cruised on to victory. But the damning video found its way to YouTube, and then it was carried by the TV networks, and before long Allen’s attempt at re-election hit a brick wall." Frank Rich. "2006: The Year of the \'Macaca\'", The New York Times, 2006-11-12. Howard Kurtz, Glenn Reynolds, Ryan Lizza, Andrea Koppel. Reliable Sources [TV-Series]. CNN Reliable Sources. "Allen used a word that some European countries consider a racial slur against an Indian-American volunteer for his Democratic opponent Jim Webb. And the web cam posted it on the popular web site YouTube.com, where it\'s been seen more than 100,000 times." Political commentators such as James Kotecki have also joined the YouTube world of politics. Many commentators make videos on YouTube critiquing a presidential candidate\'s YouTube videos, or simply using YouTube as a medium to get their opinions heard. Recently, French and Italian politicians, such as Antonio Di Pietro, have also been using the site as part of their campaigns. YouTube has also been used by former Australian Prime Minister John Howard in the lead up to the 2007 federal election.
The CNN-YouTube Republican Debate on 2007-11-28
In the run up to the 2008 Presidential elections, CNN aired a debate in which candidates fielded questions selected from a pool submitted by users of YouTube. Because of the use of technology to aggregate questions from a wide range of constituents, the forum has been referred to as "most democratic Presidential Debate ever".O\'Brien, Luke (2007-06-14). YouTube and CNN Discuss "Most Democratic" Presidential Debate Ever. Wired Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-01.
YouTube policy does not give permission for anyone to upload content not permitted by United States copyright law, the organization frequently removing upon request a vast quantity of infringing content.
Despite this, a large amount of potentially infringing content continues to be uploaded, e.g. television shows/clips, film clips, commercials, music videos, or music concerts. This is despite a decision in October 2007 to allow media companies to block their copyrighted video content loaded onto YouTube without seeking any prior permission."YouTube allows media companies to block copyrighted content". Retrieved on 2007-10-16.
Until 2007, unless a copyright holder reported violation or infringement, YouTube generally discovered such content via indications within the YouTube community through self-policing. For a brief time, individual members could also report on one another. The flagging feature, intended as a means of reporting questionable content, has been subject to considerable abuse; for a time, some users were flagging other users\' original content for copyright violations out of spite. YouTube proceeded to remove copyright infringement from the list of flaggable offenses.
Since 2007, changes to the interface mean that only rights holders are able to directly report copyright violations, even if they are obvious to casual viewers.
YouTube generally identifies video content through search terms that uploaders associate with clips. Some deceptive users create alternative search terms when uploading specific file types (similar to the deliberate misspelling of band names on MP3 filesharing networks).
Hollywood remains divided on YouTube, as "\'the marketing guys love YouTube and the legal guys hate it.\'" Jones, Ben; Leamonth, Michael. "Showbiz\'s site fright/Web seen as both a threat and a gold mine", Variety, 2007-03-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-12. (English) Further,
Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.
Content owners are not just targeting YouTube for copyright infringements, but are also targeting third party websites that link to infringing content on YouTube and other video-sharing sites, for example, QuickSilverScreen vs. Fox, Guy, IPTV. "TV Show Directory QuickSilverScreen.com Threatened by Fox", Web TV Wire, 2006-07-12. Retrieved on 2006-10-12. Daily Episodes vs. Fox, Thor, Lord. "DailyEpisodes closed down by Fox, for LINKING to TV show episodes!", Digg.com, 2006-10-02. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. and Columbia vs. Slashfilm.Sciretta, Peter. "Columnia Pictures tells /Film to remove website link", SlashFilm, 2006-07-26. Retrieved on 2006-10-12. The liability of linking remains a grey area with cases for and against. The law in the U.S. currently leans towards website owners being liable for infringing links"Linking to infringing TV Shows is probably illegal in the US", WebTVWire, 2006-09-26. Retrieved on 2006-10-12. although they are often protected by the DMCA providing they take down infringing content when issued with a take down notice. However, a recent court ruling in the U.S. found Google not liable for linking to infringing content (Perfect 10 v. Google, Inc.).
On October 5, 2006, the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC) finalized their copyright complaints regarding Japanese media on YouTube. Thousands of media from popular Japanese artists (such as Tokyo Jihen and other music including Jpop) were removed.
When CBS and Universal Music Group signed agreements to provide content on YouTube, they announced a new technology to help them find and remove copyrighted material. Lombardi, Candace. "YouTube cuts three content deals", Cnet-News.com, 2007-12-02. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. (English)
TV journalist Robert Tur filed the first lawsuit against the company in the summer of 2006, alleging copyright infringement for hosting a number of famous news clips without permission. The case has yet to be resolved. Jones, K.C.. "Journalist Sues YouTube For Copyright Infringement", InformationWeek.com, 2006-07-18. Retrieved on 2006-07-28. (English) Montgomery, James. "YouTube Slapped With First Copyright Lawsuit For Video Posted Without Permission", MTV.com, 2006-07-19. Retrieved on 2006-07-28. (English)
On November 9, 2006, Artie Lange said that his lawyers were in talks with YouTube, after Lange learned that his entire DVD, It\'s the Whiskey Talking, was available for free on the website. He added that he will either demand money from them, or will sue.Scripting News for 10/12/2006. Scripting News Annex. Retrieved on 2007-01-29.
Viacom and the British Broadcasting Corporation both demanded YouTube to take down more than 200,000 videos. Sandoval, Greg. "Does YouTube have a control problem?", cnet, 2007-02-02. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
Wikinews has related news:
Viacom sues YouTube, Google, for more than 1 billion dollars
Viacom announced it was suing YouTube, and its owner Google, for more than $1 billion in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Viacom claims that YouTube posted over 160,000 of their videos on the website without their permission. Reuters. "Viacom in $1 bln copyright suit vs Google, YouTube", Reuters, 2007-03-13. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. BBC News. "Viacom will sue YouTube for $1bn", BBC, 2007-03-13. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
In 2007 a 15-year-old Australian boy managed to get YouTube to delete over 200 YouTube videos belonging to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation using a fake DMCA take down notice. When the fake DMCA notice arrived, the ABC already had in place a long-standing deal with YouTube to freely share its videos. In his hand-written letter, the boy claimed that he was acting on behalf of the "Australian Broddcasting[sic] Corperation[sic]", giving his own Hotmail address as his business contact and demanded that hundreds of videos from ABC\'s The Chaser\'s War on Everything television program be deleted from YouTube\'s servers. Despite the boy not having any affiliation with the ABC and the spelling errors on his hand-written form, YouTube did delete all of the videos at the boy\'s request and replaced each with a message stating "This video is no longer available due to a copyright claim by Australian Broadcasting Corporation". Jensen, Erik. "Boy dupes YouTube to delete videos", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2007-04-14.
Philippine TV channel ABS-CBN also does not allow its videos to be on YouTube.
On October 12, 2006, YouTube announced that because of recent agreements with high-profile content creators, they are now required to use antipiracy software, which uses an audio-signature technology that can detect a low-quality copy of licensed video. YouTube would have to substitute an approved version of any clip or remove the material immediately. Industry analysts speculated that removal of content with such a system might reduce overall user satisfaction. Veiga, Alex. "Anti-piracy system could hurt YouTube", Associated Press, 2006-10-12. Retrieved on 2006-10-13.
On April 16, 2007, Google\'s CEO Eric E. Schmidt presented a keynote speech at the NAB Convention in Las Vegas. During the Q&A session, Schmidt announced that YouTube was close to enacting a content filtering system to remove infringing content from the service. The new system, called "Claim Your Content", will automatically identify copyrighted material for removal. Ali, Rafat. "NAB: GoogleTube Close To Its “Claim Your Content” Filtering System", paidcontent.org, 2007-04-16. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
Google spokesperson Ricardo Reyes stated on June 13, 2007 that the company was seeking "a way to make video identification technology a reality" when they began to test the system in the next few days.Google Plans Video Identification Test For YouTube Next Month - YouTube Content Identificationhttp://money.cnn.com/2007/06/12/technology/youtube_id.reut/index.htm
On October 15, 2007, Google announced the release of YouTube Video Identification, a tool that would go "above and beyond our legal responsibilities."http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/latest-content-id-tool-for-youtube.html In a blog posting on the release, YouTube product manager David King said YouTube Video Identification will help copyright holders identify their works on YouTube and choose what they want done with them.
Wikinews has related news:
New Zealand school children put fight videos on YouTube
YouTube and similar sites were reportedly used by teenagers who record fights on mobile phones.June 1, 2006, the evening ITV News bulletin In July 2007, such an incident happened at a school in Hayling Island, U.K. Police remove film of girls fighting from You Tube Daily Telegraph Saturday 21 July 2007 (Number 47316) A video was uploaded at the end of 2006 of an arranged fight in Scarborough, England of two 16 year olds fighting, one of them then getting beaten up by at least 20 others. Additionally, in July 2007, a Briton urinated on a dying woman while a friend made a video of the incident. He reportedly yelled "This is YouTube material!" USA Today: BBC: Man admits urinating on ill woman ... shouted "this is YouTube material"
YouTube appears to have removed 89 videos linked to an 18-year-old gunman who on November 7, 2007 killed at least eight people in Finland. Many of the videos featured Nazi imagery. One of the videos, uploaded days before the incident, called "Jokela high school massacre 11/7/2007", showed a picture of a building by a lake and two photos of a young man holding a gun.CNN Finland School Shootings Story http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/11/07/school.shooting/index.html.
An unknown individual posted various recordings of high government officials in Honduras on YouTube, including of the President Mel Zelaya, implicating them in a corruption scandal concerning Hondutel, the state run telephone serviceLa Prensa - Casi 300 mil visitas a las grabaciones / 08 / 11 / 2007 / Ediciones / La Prensa. After Zelaya made a complaint to the police they launched an investigation to find who had made the recordings, which are considered espionage and a violation of Honduras\' privacy laws, that included searching the mansion of the CEO of Hondutel, Marcelo ChimirriPolicía catea vivienda de Chimirri, an action condemned by ZelayaZelaya condena acción policial en allanamiento de casa de Chimirri. On November 14 Chimirri appeared in court and was charged with various crimes related to the appearance of these clips on YouTubeLa Prensa - Chimirri se defenderá en libertad / 14 / 11 / 2007 / Ediciones / La Prensa.
YouTube has been criticized for hosting hundreds of whistleblower videos of real-life animal cruelty made specifically to be shown on the site. In spite of these videos being flagged as inappropriate by many users, YouTube has generally failed to take the same policing actions to remove them that they have with videos containing copyright infringement or sexual content.Times online, "Animal cruelty films on YouTube" August 19, 2007, retrieved August 25, 2007. Practical Fishkeeping, "Uproar at fish cruelty on YouTube" May 17, 2007, retrieved August 25, 2007.
In September 2006, the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) began running anti-drug messages through YouTube.White House Anti-Drug Office Begins Posting Videos on YouTube. Press Release, Office of National Drug Control Policy, September 19, 2006
On October 5, 2006, The New York Times reported on the proliferation of what they considered to be anti-U.S. Iraqi insurgent attack videos on YouTube."Anti-U.S. Attack Videos Spread on Web", New York Times, October 5, 2006.
On December 18, 2007, CNN reported about the prevalence of Neo-Nazi Propaganda and Holocaust Denial videos on YouTube."Neo Nazis on YouTube", CNN, December 18, 2007. Hundreds of Nazi and SS glorifying, Holocaust denying, anti-semitic and racist videos have been brought to the attention of both YouTube and its parent company Google Inc. and by the German Zentralrat der Juden ("Central Council of Jews"), which did "not get any response". The first reports about the violation of YouTube\'s own rules surfaced in August 2007 after the German TV-magazine Report Mainz reported that even over a hundred complaints by the federal Jugendschutz.net watchdog to YouTube about videos forbidden by German law had not been answered and that the flagged content had not been removed by YouTube.Neonazi-Propagandafilme: Zentralrat der Juden droht YouTube mit Anzeige - Netzwelt - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Nachrichtenhttp://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/08/28/google_germany_neo_nazi/ YouTube criticized in Germany over Neo-Nazi clips | Technology | Reuters YouTube criticized in Germany over anti-Semitic Nazi videos - Haaretz - Israel News Some of the flagged videos have been online for over a year. CNN contacted Google specifically about a 6 part video series of Holocaust Denial videos, which Google promised to "block immediately", but over five weeks later (and as of January 17th, 2008) were still available.Video - Breaking News Videos from CNN.comAt some point between then and the 9th of February 2008, the video was taken down for a "terms of use violation".YouTube - Broadcast Yourself
YouTube has been blocked in several countries since its inception, including Thailand (ban now lifted) and Iran. Certain video pages were banned as of October 1, 2007 in Turkey, but this was lifted two days later. More recently on 22nd January 2008 Turkey banned YouTube once again but this ban was lifted after three days. Certain pages are also banned in United Arab Emirates.
On February 23, 2008, Pakistan blocked YouTube due to "offensive material" towards the Islamic faith, including the display of pictures of the prophet Muhammad.(February 23, 2008). Access to YouTube blocked until further notice because of "non-Islamic" videos Reporters Without Borders. Accessed February 24, 2008. This action by the Pakistani authorities led to a near global blackout of the YouTube site for at least two hours(February 23, 2008). BBC News YouTube outage blamed on Pakistan Sunday, 24 February 2008, 22:38 GMT. Thousands of Pakistanis undermined the 3-day block using a VPN software called Hotspot Shield(February 27, 2008). Pakistan web users get round YouTube ban Silicon Republic. Accessed February 27, 2008.. The YouTube ban was lifted on February 26, 2008 after the "offensive material" were removed from the site."Pakistan lifts YouTube ban", ABC News, 2008-02-26. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. .
Schools in certain countries have begun to block access to YouTube due to students uploading videos of bullying behavior, school fights and racist behavior as well as increased bandwidth usage.AustralianIT. "States still hold out on YouTube", 2007-03-06.
With recent improvements to e-mail spam filtering technology and their wider use, spammers have begun using YouTube as way to advertise: popular videos frequently have comments with links to irrelevant (and more often than not, pornographic) external sites, usually with some enticing statements (such as "Great video, go to
"The messages came from service@youtube.com." "The messages look like a legitimate YouTube invite, except they include typical spam content like stock pump-and-dump promotions and links to spam Web sites. Many of them use Microsoft\'s recent XBox 360 hit "Halo 3" as bait, telling the recipient they have won a free copy of the game and to go to a Web site. If they take the bait and click on "winhalo3.com," the Web site infects them with the Storm Worm, which has been hanging around since August."Internetnews: YouTube\'s Not-so-\'Friendly\' Spam
Spammers have used this route more often nowadays because they can use it to defeat spam filters, gain more readers and possibly customers. "They just do as all spammers do..."
According YouTube\'s terms of service,YouTube Terms of Use, accessed 5 May 2007 users may upload videos only with permission of the copyright holder and people depicted in the videos. Pornography, nudity, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material encouraging criminal conduct are prohibited. The uploader grants YouTube a license to distribute and modify the uploaded material for any purpose; this license terminates when the uploader deletes the material from the site. Users may view videos on the site as long as they agree to the terms of service; downloading through one\'s own means or copying of the videos is not permitted.
Countries for which YouTube is localized.
On June 19, 2007, Eric E. Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new localization system. The entire interface of the website is now available with localized versions in numerous countries:
| Country | URL | Languages | Launch date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Australia
| http://au.youtube.com/ | English (Australia) | 22 October 2007YouTube Launches in Australia & New Zealand |
 Brazil
| http://br.youtube.com/ | Portuguese (Brazil) | 19 June 2007 |
 Canada
| http://ca.youtube.com/ | English (Canada) | 6 November 2007YouTube Canada Now Live |
 France
| http://fr.youtube.com/ | French | 19 June 2007Google launches YouTube France News - PC Advisor |
 Germany
| http://de.youtube.com/ | German | 8 November 2007YouTube Germany Launches |
 Hong Kong
| http://hk.youtube.com/ | Chinese (Traditional) | 17 October 2007Chita • 檢視主題 - YouTube 台灣版推出 |
 Ireland
| http://ie.youtube.com/ | English (Ireland) | 19 June 2007 |
 Italy
| http://it.youtube.com/ | Italian | 19 June 2007 |
 Japan
| http://jp.youtube.com/ | Japanese | 19 June 2007 |
 South Korea
| http://kr.youtube.com/ | Korean | 23 January 2008 |
 Mexico
| http://mx.youtube.com/ | Spanish (Mexico) | 10 October 2007 |
 Netherlands
| http://nl.youtube.com/ | Dutch | 19 June 2007 |
 New Zealand
| http://nz.youtube.com/ | English (New Zealand) | 22 October 2007 |
 Poland
| http://pl.youtube.com/ | Polish | 19 June 2007 |
 Russia
| http://ru.youtube.com/ | Russian | 13 November 2007 |
 Spain
| http://es.youtube.com/ | Spanish | 19 June 2007 |
 Republic of China (Taiwan)
| http://tw.youtube.com/ | Chinese (Traditional) | 18 October 2007Chita • 檢視主題 - YouTube 台灣版推出 |
 United Kingdom
| http://uk.youtube.com/ | English (United Kingdom) | 19 June 2007 |
 World
| http://www.youtube.com/ | English (United States) | 15 February 2005 |
Google aims to compete with local videosharing websites like DailyMotion in France. It also made an agreement with local television stations like M6 and France Télévisions to legally broadcast video content.
On October 17, 2007 it was announced that a Hong Kong version had been launched. YouTube\'s Steve Chen said its next target will be Taiwan.881903.com Commercial RadioCableTV
On October 22, 2007 YouTube New Zealand had its launch party, stating that its aim was to help create YouTube celebrities within New Zealand. This was quickly evident with the rise of such New Zealand YouTube shows as Three Best Friends That Live Together.
YouTube has been subject to threats of censorship by various countries because of the content it hosts. It was blocked from Mainland China from the 18th October due to the censorship of the Taiwanese flag. URLs to YouTube were redirected to China\'s own search engine, Baidu. It was subsequently unblocked on the 31st of October.Reference As noted, in February 2008, Youtube was blocked in Pakistan and, within a few weeks, the block was removed Mark Bixler (2008-02-25). Pakistan blocks \'objectionable\' YouTube. CNN. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
As of November 2007 YouTube plays back videos limited in both size and quality. The size is limited to pixel dimensions of 320 by 240 and the quality is limited to a bitrate of around 314kbit/s with a frame rate dependent on the uploaded video.Verified by analysing internal structure of, and playing, newly uploaded videos, 2007-11-19YouTube limits the playback size and quality by re-encoding the user\'s uploaded video at the time of upload. In 2006 YouTube permitted playback at higher quality, larger sizes, and in stereo, but some time after January 2007 YouTube applied quality reductions to new uploads.Saqoosha’s blog (2007-10-26). Retrieved on 2007-11-19. “960×720 2.5Mbps 640×480 2Mbps 450×338 1Mbps 1280×720 2.5Mbps” (Japanese and English) (test videos uploaded in January 2007 playback at higher bitrates)
YouTube\'s video playback technology is based on Macromedia\'s Flash Player 9 and uses the Sorenson Spark H.263 video codec. This technology allows the site to display videos with quality comparable to more established video playback technologies (such as Windows Media Player, QuickTime and RealPlayer) that generally require the user to download and install a web browser plugin in order to view video. Flash also requires a plug-in, but Adobe considers the Flash 7 plug-in to be present on about 90% of online computers.Adobe Flash Player Version Penetration Adobe The video can also be played back with third-party media players such as GOM Player, gnash, VLC as well as some ffmpeg-based video players.
YouTube converts videos into .FLV (Adobe Flash Video) format after uploading.Coding Horror: Did YouTube Cut the Gordian Knot of Video Codecs? The extension is then stripped from the file (Extension can be found from the server\'s MIME Type). The different files are stored in obscurely named subdomains, accessible either directly or through YouTube\'s get_video PHP script. YouTube also converts content to other formats so that it can be viewed outside of the website. See below.
YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos in .WMV, .AVI, .MOV, MPEG and .MP4, formatsIn which formats YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos
Users can view videos in windowed mode or full screen mode and it is possible to switch modes during playback without reloading it due to the full-screen function of Adobe Flash Player 9.
On September 14, 2007, Members of the VIDEOHelp.com forums discovered a method to allow high-quality video and stereo soundThe method for creating high-quality videos. The method involved converting a video to the .flv format YouTube uses, and using a Hex Editor to extend the video\'s displayed playback time (usually to 10 or 11 minutes for non-Director accounts), thus "tricking" YouTube into believing that the file\'s bitrate was much lower than it actually was. Although load times significantly increased for videos, both video and sound quality was notably better than in comparable videos uploaded without the method. However, on February 4, 2008, following a maintenance period, YouTube took countermeasures against this method, and it is now impossible to upload high-quality videosVideo citing when the high-quality trick stopped working. This had no effect on any high-quality videos already uploaded to Youtube. In addition, it seems that any videos that have little movement and are encoded under 350 kbps, while not offering the same amount of quality as those with the trick method, still sound and look better than typical Youtube videosVideo explaining high definition without the HD trick
YouTube files contain an MP3 audio stream. By default, it is mono-encoding with a 65kbit/s rate at 22050 Hz. However, it is possible to get a stereo audio track if the movie file is manually converted to FLV format using a program such as ffmpeg for Linux, ffmpegX for Macintosh or the commercial Riva FLV Encoder for Windows.
As noted above, YouTube accepts common file formats and converts them to the H.263 variant of Flash Video, and makes them available for online viewing. Beginning in June 2007, newly uploaded videos will also be encoded using the H.264 video standard to enable streaming of YouTube videos on the Apple TV, iPhone, and iPod touch.
Apple Inc. announced on 20 June 2007 that YouTube is accessible on the Apple TV after installation of a free software update. Functionality includes browsing by category, searching videos, and the ability for members to log onto their YouTube accounts directly on Apple TV. Access to thousands of the most current and popular YouTube videos will be available, with plans to add thousands more videos each week. The entire catalog is targeted to be available in fall 2007. According to Apple VP David Moody, the reason for the delay is the need for all current YouTube content to be transcoded to Apple\'s preferred video standard, H.264. All content uploaded in and after June, however, will be automatically encoded into H.264, rendering additional transcoding unnecessary for these newer files.
YouTube launched its mobile site, YouTube Mobile on 15 June 2007. It is based on xHTML and uses 3GP videos with H263/AMR codec and RTSP streaming. It is available via a web interface at m.youtube.com or via YouTube\'s Mobile Java Application.
YouTube TV Channel will on Information TV 2 on January 7, 2008. The channel will air video sharing content from the YouTube website.
Apple announced Wednesday, 20 June 2007 that YouTube would be available on iPhone at launch. Streaming is over WiFi or EDGE.
Videos on YouTube for the iPhone are encoded in Apple\'s preferred H.264 format. All videos are viewed in the horizontal orientation of the phone. As YouTube videos have 4:3 aspect ratio and the iPhone is 3:2, videos must be viewed with black bars on the side (pillarboxed) or may be zoomed to trim some of the top and bottom to fill the screen.
Not all videos are available on iPhone yet because not every video has been reencoded to H.264. There are two versions of each video on YouTube, one is higher bandwidth for WiFi use, and one is lower resolution for EDGE use.
Unlike the Apple TV version, users cannot log in to their own YouTube accounts, but can create a separate favorites list just for the iPhone.
Each video is accompanied by the full HTML markup for linking to it and/or embedding it within another page, unless the submitter of a video chooses to disable the embedding feature. A small addition to the embeddable markup will allow the video to play automatically when the webpage loads. These simple cut-and-paste options are especially popular with users of social-networking sites. Poor experiences, however, have been cited by users of such sites,news: July news where autoplaying embedded YouTube videos has been reported to slow down page loading time or even to crash internet browsers.
The YouTube Player is the nam
